Lactose Intolerance
Lactose intolerance is a condition in which the body is unable to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and other dairy products. It is a common condition, affecting approximately 65% of the global population.
What is lactose intolerance?
Lactose intolerance is a condition in which the body is unable to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and other dairy products. This is due to a deficiency of lactase, an enzyme produced by the small intestine that is responsible for breaking down lactose into simpler sugars that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
Who's at risk for lactose intolerance?
Lactose intolerance can affect anyone, but some people may be at higher risk. Risk factors for lactose intolerance may include:
- Family history of lactose intolerance
- Certain medical conditions, such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease
- Certain medications, such as antibiotics or chemotherapy drugs
What causes lactose intolerance?
Lactose intolerance is caused by a deficiency of lactase, an enzyme produced by the small intestine that is responsible for breaking down lactose into simpler sugars that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. The exact cause of lactase deficiency is not always known, but it may be due to genetics or damage to the small intestine.
How does lactose intolerance start?
Lactose intolerance can develop at any age, but it often begins in adolescence or adulthood. The onset of lactose intolerance may be gradual or sudden, and it can be triggered by certain events, such as surgery or illness.
What are the symptoms of lactose intolerance?
Symptoms of lactose intolerance can vary in severity and may include:
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Bloating
- Gas
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Vomiting
How is lactose intolerance diagnosed?
A healthcare provider may perform several tests to diagnose lactose intolerance. These tests may include:
- Lactose tolerance test: This test measures the body's ability to digest lactose by measuring blood glucose levels after consuming a lactose-rich beverage.
- Hydrogen breath test: This test measures the amount of hydrogen in the breath after consuming a lactose-rich beverage.
- Stool acidity test: This test measures the acidity of the stool after consuming a lactose-rich beverage.
How can lactose intolerance be treated?
Treatment for lactose intolerance may include:
- Avoiding lactose-containing foods: This may involve eliminating dairy products from the diet or choosing lactose-free or lactose-reduced products.
- Taking lactase supplements: These supplements contain lactase enzyme and can help digest lactose-containing foods.
- Trying probiotics: Some studies have suggested that certain strains of probiotics may help improve lactose digestion.
What complications may occur with lactose intolerance?
Complications from lactose intolerance may include:
If lactose-containing foods are not properly digested, they can ferment in the colon and cause discomfort, such as gas and bloating. In some cases, chronic diarrhea may also occur, leading to dehydration and malnutrition.
How can I prevent lactose intolerance?
Lactose intolerance cannot be prevented, but symptoms can be managed through dietary changes and the use of lactase supplements. It is important to talk to a healthcare provider for guidance and support in managing lactose intolerance.
Long-term management of lactose intolerance
Long-term management of lactose intolerance may involve avoiding lactose-containing foods or choosing lactose-free or lactose-reduced products. It is also important to maintain a balanced and varied diet to ensure adequate intake of nutrients.
What is recent research saying about lactose intolerance?
Recent research has focused on the potential health benefits of lactose-free or lactose-reduced products. Studies have found that these products may help improve digestive symptoms and quality of life in individuals with lactose intolerance.
Where can I go for more information on lactose intolerance?
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders and the Mayo Clinic are helpful resources for information on lactose intolerance. It is also important to talk to a healthcare provider for guidance and support in managing lactose intolerance.
